ABSTRACT
We surveyed parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in two guarana plantations in the central Brazilian Amazon (one conventionally, and one organically managed), as well as in adjacent forest and edge areas between crop and forest. We evaluated differences between management systems in parasitoid diversity and abundance, and assessed the importance of the surrounding matrix as a source of parasitoid wasps for guarana cultivation. Parasitoid wasp richness, abundance and taxonomic composition (at family level) were compared between plantations, and among habitats within plantations. Wasps were sampled using Malaise and Moericke traps. A total of 25,951 parasitoid wasps (10,828 in the conventional, and 15,123 in the organic crop area) were collected, and were distributed in 11 superfamilies and 38 families. In the conventional management area, the greatest abundance and richness of parasitoids were recorded in the adjacent forest, while, in the organic management area, the greatest abundance and richness were recorded in the crop-forest edge. Parasitoid wasp family richness was not influenced by management system and habitat but varied significantly between trap types. Average wasp abundance varied significantly between management systems. The presence of adjacent forest in both cultivation areas likely contributed to a greater abundance and richness of parasitoid wasps, showing the importance of preserving forest areas near the plantations. (AU)
Subject(s)
Parasites , Crop Production , Ecosystem , HymenopteraABSTRACT
Egg parasitoids of the stink bug Edessa meditabunda (F) were studied on rattlepod Crotalaria spectabilis used in soybean crop rotation in Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso state, central western Brazil. Seven species of parasitoids were found: two Encyrtidae, one Eurytomidae, and four Platygastridae. The occurrence of Trissolcus euchisti (Ashmead) and Trissolcus elimatus Johnson (Platygastridae) on eggs of E. meditabunda is recorded for the first time. Moreover, this is the first record of T. elimatus and T. euchisti from Brazil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Crotalaria/parasitology , Hemiptera , Brazil , OvumABSTRACT
The structure and composition of the assemblage of pupal parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, the citrus leafminer, were studied in two citrus orchards (Citrus deliciosa Tenore cv. Montenegrina and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck x Citrus reticulata Blanco hybrid Murcott), in Montenegro County (29° 68S and 51° 46W), southern Brazil. At fortnightly samplings, from July 2001 to June 2003, all the new shoots from 24 randomly selected trees were inspected. The species richness reached five native species in the Murcott orchard, and six in Montenegrina. In Murcott, the presence of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an exotic species, was detected in the first year of sampling, probably migrating from the nearby areas where it had been released for the miner control. In Montenegrina, its presence was only registered in the second year. A. citricola in both areas was dominant and changed the community structure of parasitoid complex of P. citrella in both orchards.
A estrutura e a composição da assembléia de parasitóides que emergiam na fase de pupa de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, o minador-dos-citros, foram estudadas em dois pomares de citros (Citrus deliciosa Tenore cv. Montenegrina e Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck x Citrus reticulata Blanco híbrido Murcott), no Município de Montenegro (29° 68S, 51° 46O), RS. Em 49 ocasiões de amostragem de jul/2001 a jun/2003, todos os brotos de 24 árvores escolhidas aleatoriamente foram inspecionados. Foram registradas cinco espécies de parasitóides nativos no pomar de Murcott e seis em Montenegrina. Em Murcott, a presença de Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), espécie exótica, foi detectada no primeiro ano de amostragem, provavelmente migrando de áreas adjacentes ao pomar onde foi liberada para o controle do minador. Em Montenegrina, sua presença foi registrada somente no segundo ano. A. citricola foi a espécie dominante em ambas as áreas e provocou mudanças na estrutura do complexo de parasitóides de P. citrella nos dois pomares.
Subject(s)
Animals , Citrus/parasitology , Lepidoptera , Brazil , Lepidoptera/classification , PupaABSTRACT
De larvas e pupas de Musca domestica, Chrysomya albiceps, Cochliomyia homivorax, Stomoxys calcitrans e Syntesiomyia nudiseta coletadas em diversos ambiente, em São Paulo, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Minas Gerais, foram obtidas dez espécies de microhimenópteros parasitóides da supermamília Chalcidoidea, algumas assinaladas pela primeira vez no Brasil.